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Friday, June 24, 2011

ARTI Biogas Plant: A compact digester for producing biogas from food waste

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 ARTI has developed a compact biogas plant which uses waste food rather than dung/manure as feedstock, to supply biogas for cooking. The plant is sufficiently compact to be used by urban households, and about 2000 are currently in use – both in urban and rural households in Maharashtra. A few have been installed in other parts of India and even elsewhere in the world. The design and development of this simple, yet powerful technology for the people, has won ARTI the Ashden Award for Sustainable Energy 2006 in the Food Security category. This makes ARTI the only organization in the world to win the prestigious Ashden Award twice. ARTI won its first Ashden Award in 2002 for its chain of technologies for converting agricultural waste into charcoal, and using this as a clean domestic fuel.
The impending scarcity of petroleum threatens the world’s fuel supply. Mankind can face this threat successfully with the help of biogenous methane, but the world is yet to take full advantage of this technology, because its practitioners have so far ignore the basic tenet of science – viz. output of work is dependant on the energy available for doing that work. This fact is seen in the current practice of using low calorie inputs like cattle dung, distillery effluent, municipal solid waste or sewerage, in biogas plants, which makes methane generation highly inefficient. To rectify this skewed approach, in around 2003, Dr. Anand Karve (President of ARTI) developed a compact biogas system that uses starchy or sugary feedstock (waste grain flour, spoilt grain, overripe or misshapen fruit, nonedible seeds, fruits and rhizomes, green leaves, kitchen watse, leftover food, etc). Just 2 kg of such feedstock produces about 500 g of methane, and the reaction is completed with 24 hours. The conventional biogas systems, using cattle dung, sewerage, etc. use about 40 kg feedstock to produce the same quantity of methane, and require about 40 days to complete the reaction. Thus, from the point of view of conversion of feedstock into methane, the system developed by Dr. Anand Karve is 20 times as efficient as the conventional system, and from the point of view of reaction time, it is 40 times as efficient. Thus, overall, the new system is 800 times as efficient as the conventional biogas system.





Benefits

 Most biogas plants which are currently in operation in India and elsewhere are designed for animal manure as their main feedstock, and are therefore used in rural areas. Whereas in cities, a majority of the people use LPG or kerosene for cooking. The immediate benefit from owning a compact biogas system is the savings in cost as compared to the use of kerosene or LPG for cooking. The up-front cost of a biogas system is higher than for LPG, since an LPG bottle plus a two burner stove costs only INR 5,000 (spprox. USD 100) whereas the compact biogas plan plus a biogas stove costs about INR 10,000 (approx. USD 200). However, the operational cost for biogas is only about INR 2 per day if waste flour is used as feedstock, and can be zero if the plant uses only food wastes. This is much cheaper than LPG, which costs about INR 30 per day, even with the current subsidy of 50%. Biogas can easily replace 50% of the LPG used by a family. Some families who use a pressure cooker for cooking and collect food waste from their neighbours have replaced all their LPG use.
Methane burns with a blue flame, without producing any smoke or soot. It is therefore an environmentally friendly cooking system. Thus, introduction of the new efficient, compact biogas system would not only help urban households in utilizing their domestic wet waste, but also help prevent millions of premature deaths of women and children in rural households due to indoor air pollution caused by smoke and soot from burning fuelwood in traditional chulhas. This markedly impacts the health of the people in the kitchen (mainly women) positively. Further reductions in pollution and energy use arise from not having to transport LPG cylinders to be re-filled. The small amount of solid residue produced by the biogas plant makes a good fertiliser.
On a global scale, it is well known that the replacement of fossil fuels reduces the emission of greenhouse gases. ARTI estimate that for a typical urban household, biogas saves 100 kg of LPG or 250 litres of kerosene per year, which is equivalent to 300 to 600 kg CO2 per year. A rural family could save about 3 tonnes of wood per year, which would generate about 5 tonnes CO2 if burnt.

Comparison with conventional Biogas plants

Biogas systems are those that take organic material (feedstock) into an air-tight tank, where bacteria break down the material and release biogas – a mixture of mainly methane with some carbon dioxide. The biogas can be burned as a fuel, for cooking or other purposes, and the solid residue can be used as organic compost.
The current practice of using low calorie inputs like cattle dung, distillery effluent, municipal solid waste, or sewerage, makes methane generation in conventional biogas plants highly inefficient. Through this compact system, it has been demonstrated that by using feedstock having high calorific and nutritive value to microbes, the efficiency of methane generation can be increased by several orders of magnitude. Operating the system on this simple tenet also brings in many more advantages over the conventional systems: As a result of the higher efficiency, the size and cost of the new system are also lower. While the conventional biogas system occupies about 4 cubic meters of space, the compact biogas system is about as large as a domestic refrigerator. It is an extremely user friendly system, because it requires daily only a couple of kg feedstock, and the disposal of daily just 5 litres of effluent slurry.

Conventional Biogas Systems ARTI Biogas system
Amount of required feedstock40 kg + 40 lit water1-1.5 kg + 15 lit water
Nature of required feedstockDungAny starchy material
 Amount and Nature of slurry to be disposed of  80 lit, sludge 15 lit, watery
Reaction Time for full utilization of feedstock40 days48-72 hours
Standard size for household4000 lit1000-1500 lit
Capital Investment per unit including stoveINR 20,000INR 10,000
Running Expenses per mealINR 25 0 to INR 5

Establishing a new trend: Biogas in cities

 In cities, waste food is often discarded and its rising heap attracts flies and rodents, thus creating a public health hazard. The compact biogas plant technology developed by ARTI readily accepts highly digestible organic materials such kitchen waste as feedstock and can easily blend into the urban lifestyle. A single plant produces sufficient biogas to at least halve the use of LPG or kerosene for cooking in a household, as well as a small amount of solid residue which can be used as fertiliser. ARTI’s compact biogas plant could be replicated anywhere where there is the space for the plant, and the temperature is sufficiently high.
This technology offers a solution not just for domestic waste disposal, but also for collective disposal of community waste. In villages, food waste was traditionally fed to animals or left by the side of the road for animals to devour. People continue to do this in cities but there are fewer animals to consume it. The result is that smelly, rotting food attracts flies and rats. Some authorities collect food waste and dispose of it in landfill. Here again, available land space presents its own constraints. For example: the authority in Pune has decided it can no longer dispose city waste in a landfill because of lack of space, and local officials are therefore strongly encouraging the use of biogas plants to dispose of food waste. Local council offices have set up demonstration plants, which use local food wastes and provide gas for making tea for local officials and their visitors.
Communities in city residential and commercial set-ups can avail this technology to convert starchy waste into clean useful energy.

Purchasing your own compact biogas system: Cost & Payment

 ARTI’s trained technicians install the biogas plants using locally available plastic tanks (commonly used for water storage) and a plumbing kit supplied by Samuchit Enviro-Tech (SET) Pvt. Ltd., a company set up by members of ARTI. SET also supplies a single burned biogas stove made of cast iron, and a gas cock. This set, consisting of the plumbing kit and a single burner biogas stove, costs INR 2350 (M.R.P. inclusive of taxes and transport anywhere in India). The total estimated cost of the compact biogas system for a typical household (around 1000-1500 lit capacity) is about INR 10,000, but the actual cost may vary based on local prices of plastic tanks and local labour costs.
For more information, please contact us at arti_pune@vsnl.net  .

Build your own ARTI Biogas Plant!

ARTI biogas plants can be built by following the instructions given in the ARTI Biogas VCD available here. For customers who cannot afford the transportation and installation costs of these large volume systems, the VCD provides the cheap option of a DIY (do-it-yourself) kind of project. 

The design is not very complex and can be fabricated using locally available materials. In general the following parts would need to be obtained locally:
  1.   1000 Ltr and 750 Ltr plastic tanks. If not available then cement and brick tanks can be constructed.
  2.   PVC pipes of various diameters, commonly used in plumbing.
  3.  Biogas cookstove (This would generally be available in countries where the biogas technology has been promoted by the governments).
PVC pipes of required diameters and biogas cookstoves can also be obtained as a 'Biogas Kit' from Samuchit Enviro-Tech Pvt. Ltd., Pune. Many people around the world have successfully built ARTI's biogas plants by themselves. Also, we'll be there to help if you face any problems. Once you build this plant successfully, you can help you friends and neighbors in trying this very practical and appropriate technology!

What the numbers say

From 2003 onwards, about 1000 compact biogas plants have been so far installed by ARTI's trained personnel – covering both rural as well as urban households in Maharashtra. At least 1000 more plants have been installed by enthusiasts and hobbyists, using the instruction VCD widely produced and distributed by ARTI ( click here for more information on our VCDs and booklets). In Maharashtra, several independent producers have copied the design for themselves. These existing plants are a useful advertisement for the advantages of biogas systems and consequently about 30-50 plants are now being installed per month.

In Maharashtra State alone, there are an estimated 500,000 potential users for this technology. ARTI aims to reach out to these potential users and more, with this revolutionary clean fuel technology. We also look to manufacture standardised feedstock in de-centralised units to facilitate ease in plant usage and set up sustainable entrepreneur chains for unit supply and maintenance. 

source:http://www.arti-india.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=45

biogas plants in india

S. According to a 2008 study, collected by the Science and Children magazine, methane biogas from cow manure would be sufficient to produce 100 billion kilowatt hours enough to power millions of homes across America. In this sense, then, the biogas programme may be an unrealisable notion, and the Gandhian aspirations of Swadeshi, little more than a bucolic dream. Biogas is also obtained from pharmaceutical wastes and paper mills. Maheshwar, D, Vimal, OP, Singh, KK, (1989): Biomass gasification in India – DNES activities.

As a part of our renewable energy programme, we help various institutions, Industries, farm houses and families install biogas plants for thermal and electricity generation in Andhra Pradesh INDIA. See the discussion page to add to the conversation. However, going from theory to a compact biogas plant did not materialise automatically. A biogas plant is the name often given to an anaerobic digester that treats farm wastes or energy crops. The estimated deaths in India come to 500,000. Methane as cooking fuel would prevent these deaths. During combustion of biogas containing siloxanes, silicon is released and can combine with free oxygen or various other elements in the combustion gas. Source of biogas Operating a biogas plant can be troublesome if there is a shortage in the supply of cattle dung. A study was undertaken to calculate (1) global warming mitigation potential (GMP) and thereby earning carbon credit of a family size biogas plant in India, (2) GMP of the existing and target biogas plants in the country and (3) atmospheric pollution reduction by a family size biogas plant.
Any idea regarding BIO-GAS plant? – Yahoo! Answers India I would like to know the details of BIO-GAS production by … See this website they have a good one …
Answers.com – Who installs Biogas Plants in INDIA Global Warming question: Who installs Biogas Plants in INDIA? Biogas plants are being installed by many companies in …
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A ‘Nisargruna’ plant takes between 18 to 22 days to digest organic solid waste.
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Prefabricated HDPE material based prefabricated dome for Deenbandhu Model family size Biogas Plants.
BIOTECH INDIA domestic portable Biogas plant


Waste and Recycling question: Where are there biogas plants in india? Biogas plants in india Respected Sir, Greetings from NEERU. We are pleased to introduce ourselves, involved in biogas related projects.
This Organization implements programmes through out the state in association with Local Self Government Institutions. Chand, AD, Murthy, N, (1988): District level management system for biogas programme. About How Answers Works Points & Levels Community Guidelines Leaderboard Suggestion Board Answers Blog* Ask What would you like to ask? But the biogas plants, quite obviously, need to be in close proximity to the distilleries.
YouTube – BIOTECH INDIA domestic portable Biogas plant Mar 12, 2010 … Added to queue BIOTECH INDIA TOILET LINKED Biogas plantby biotechhq3770 views · Thumbnail 9:24 …
YouTube – VK-Nardep, India, Biogas plants and improved fertiliser Feb 29, 2008 … This video can be downloaded here: http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/vknardep VK-Nardep won an …
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It presents Dehu village of Maharashtras Pune district, where some families allow their neighbours to use their toilets for a nominal maintenance charge making attached biogas plants economically viable.
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Community biogas plants, then, appear to be logistically difficult to co-ordinate, and, certainly in the Punjab, similarly failing the sections of the community most in need of a reliable source of energy.
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The United States Clean Air Act and Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) requires landfill owners to estimate the quantity of non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) emitted. In 1974, a British documentary film entitled Sweet as a Nut detailed the biogas production process from pig manure, and how the biogas fueled a custom-adapted combustion engine. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) was established as the only agency of its kind in the world dedicated to promotion and financing of renewable energy projects. Loading (14, 19) The size of the digester depends upon the loading, which is determined by the influent solids content, retention time, and the digester temperature. Daily handling of such large quantities of feedstock and effluent is considered to be arduous and bothersome by users. This essay will critically examine the drive to provide rural India with an ‘appropriate’ energy source, with particular reference to the rural poor.
IMPLEMENTATION OF HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS PLANT BY NGOS IN INDIA- transfer, capacity building, extension and adoption of household biogas plants in rural India for …
Household biogas plants in India – Wiley Online Library affecting the cost of the three types of biogas plants in India has been made. Four different approaches have been …
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Under Indian conditions, where we get rains only during the four months of monsoon, sugarcane needs irrigation.
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Our biogas plant accepts both sugarcane juice as also macerated whole sugarcane.
TERI – The Energy and Resources Institute: not-for-profit, policy research organization – working in the fields of energy, environment and sustainable development
CiteULike: Community biogas plants in India Search all the public and authenticated articles in CiteULike. Biogas originates from biogenic material and is a type of biofuel. The UK based Ashden Award is the world’s most prestigious award for innovative work in environment in developing countries. In Hereford, Texas cow manure is being used to power an ethanol power plant. Fifty years on, and Gandhi’s vision of Swadeshi (self-sufficiency) for India, despite interpreted by some as a romantic and bucolic notion, is perhaps more urgent than ever. Clothing and Jewellery Fashon Items Garments Jewellery Leather Garments and Accessories Luggage and Bags and More. Water recycling system, water recycling Address: A-116, Raheja Arcade, Sector-Ii, Plot No. Neelgiri Tarpaulin Industries Manufacturing and supplying biogas plants such as package biogas plants, agricultural biogas plants and industrial biogas plants. The latter principle is normally used for smooth operation of the digester.
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Better biogas plants | India Environment Portal Mar 14, 2001 … At the same time, biogas plants in India produce 700000 tonnes of urea per year. …
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After Gate, 1999. Floating-drum plant with a cylinder digester (KVIC model).
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It is stated in the standard textbooks on biogas technology, that 1 kg of starch or sugar produces about 800 litres of biogas, out of which about 400 litres are methane.
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Biogas upgrading Raw biogas produced from digestion is roughly 60% methane and 29% CO 2 with trace elements of H 2 S, and is not high quality enough if the owner was planning on selling this gas or using it as fuel gas for machinery. Solar Energy India receives solar energy equivalent to 5,000 trillion KWH/year (20 MW/sq. India We are manufacturers of renewable energy systems, biogas plants, gas purification systems, community biogas plants with pipeline, gas distribution plant and gas distribution machinery. This model is meant for areas where the main diet is rice. Under our temperature and pressure, 1 cubic meter of biogas produced by a typical dung based biogas plant (50% each of CO2 and CH4) weighs about a kg. Post date: 24/04/2011 – 00:53 CNG Kits for vehicles First you must know that almost all the kits being marketed do not have complete parts or even the. In sharp contrast, Karve’s innovative ‘new compact biogas technology’ method requires 1 kg of starch or sugar (in the form of vegetable waste, flour collected from the floor of a flour mill) and just 24 hours to produce 250 gms of methane gas. The average biogas yield was 026 m3/kg VS/day. Biogas is produced naturally in marshes, bottoms of ponds, large garbage dumps, and so on.
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ARTI Biogas Plant: A compact digester for producing biogas from Most biogas plants which are currently in operation in India and elsewhere are designed for animal manure as their …
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Production of Biogas – Fixed Dome Type Biogas Plant Production of Biogas – Fixed Dome Type Biogas Plant Raw Materials Required Forms of biomass listed below may be used along with water: A.
This video can be downloaded here: http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/vknardep VK-Nardep won an Ashden Award for Sustainable Energy in 2006. To find out mor…
The biogas plants and improved wood stoves presently in use are resulting in a saving of over 13 million tonnes of fuelwood every year, besides producing 45 million tonnes of enriched organic manure. The charge they hold is like the static electricity that can build up on a balloon, but is much greater thanks to the extremely high surface area of their interior materials. Fuelwood based biomass gasifier systems upto 500KW capacities have been developed indigenously and are manufactured in the country. Also offering effluent treatment plants and sewage treatment plants. Nitrous dioxide warms the atmosphere 310 times more than carbon dioxide and methane 21 times more than carbon dioxide. This lowering of the night temperature has reduced the gas outflow considerably.
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The biogas yield can be increased by operating the digesters under controlled temperature conditions.
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The outputs from the biogas plant are put to multiple uses such as biogas cooking, sludge fertilizer and running of biogas engines. Street lights and domestic lighting systems energised by Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV), pump sets powered by solar power, and biomass gasifers for power generation have given new hope to those living in isolated areas and small islands. Where are there biogas plants in india English English Deutsch Espaol Franais Italiano Tagalog Search unanswered questions. AshdenAwards 9.207 Aufrufe 5:05 Hinzufgen zu Zur Warteschlange hinzugefgt TIDE, biomass stoves for Indian businesses – As. Peter] For the other stovers on the list — sugar cane is a wonderfully productive plant for any place in the tropics. Approved Models of Family Type Biogas Fertilizer Plants 1.Pre-fabricated model Biogas Plants Pre-fabricated Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) fixed dome model Pre-fabricated RCC digester KVIC model family type Biogas Plants.
Biogas – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A biogas plant is the name often given to an anaerobic digester that treats farm wastes or energy crops. …. In Pakistan,India and Nepal biogas produced from the anaerobic digestion of manure in …
Compact Biogas Plant – Compact, low-cost digester for biogas from Apr 8, 2006 … Compact Biogas Plant AD Karve, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute, Pune, India April 2005 …
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